Cation or anion containing unpaired electrons in its ground state. An unpaired electron is denoted by a superscript dot following the superscript symbol for charge, such as for the molecular ion of a molecule M, that is, M+•. Radical ions with more than one charge and/or more than one unpaired electron are denoted using parentheses, for example, as M(2+)(2•).
Open access EPFL Mass Spectrometry tools
Mass Spectrometry EPFL tools
